![]() 2 However, objectively measured CRF levels are often significantly lower than expected based on self-reported physical activity. The most commonly used physical activity assessments are the patient’s self-reported history and health and lifestyle questionnaires. However, unlike anthropometric measurements and serum biomarkers, physical activity and CRF assessments have largely been neglected by clinicians. 2, 3, 13, 14, 15, 16 Ross et al 17 and Golightly et al 18 have also emphasized the growing evidence for objectively assessing cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) as a vital sign in health care settings. In multiple recent scientific and policy statements, the American Heart Association has promoted assessment of physical activity in clinical settings and workplaces. 10 Given this robust scientific evidence, the American Heart Association added physical activity to its My Life Check-Life’s Simple 7 campaign to reduce the burden of CVD and improve overall health. 3, 6, 7, 8, 9 A recent US study further suggested that moderate to vigorous physical activity could significantly reduce premature mortality and prolong life expectancy. 2, 3, 4, 5 Studies have suggested that physical activity provides cardiovascular benefits independent of other modifiable CVD risk factors associated with a lower incidence of multiple diseases, including CVD, diabetes, cancer, and Alzheimer disease. 1 In addition to long-recognized risk factors for CVD, such as smoking, hypertension, and diabetes, the unfavorable health consequences of physical inactivity on cardiovascular health have been well established. Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.Ĭardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. ![]() No other disclosures were reported.įunding/Support: This study was supported by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Harvard Education and Research Center (ERC) for Occupational Safety and Health training grant T42 OH008416 (Dr Yang) the FEMA Assistance to Firefighters grants EMW-2006-FP-01493 and EMW-2009-FP-00835, and grants from the Department of Homeland Security (Dr Kales). Dr Kales reported serving as an expert witness in firefighter cases and receiving personal fees from Bichler, Kelley, Oliver & Longo, PLLC McCarthy, Callas & Feeney PC Macadam, Jury, PA Sena Polk & Stacy, LLP and Lichten & Liss-Riordan, PC outside the submitted work. ![]() Statistical analysis: Yang, Christophi, Kales.Īdministrative, technical, or material support: Yang, Moffatt, Zollinger, Kales.Ĭonflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Zollinger reported being a research consultant with the National Institute of Public Safety Health. Kales, MD, MPH, Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, 1493 Cambridge St, Macht Bldg, Ste 427, Cambridge, MA 02139 ( Contributions: Drs Moffatt and Kales had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.Īcquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors.ĭrafting of the manuscript: Yang, Christophi, Kales.Ĭritical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.
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